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According to the political structure, it is a federal state headed by the president and the executive branch. The function of the legislative body is performed by the elected bicameral parliament under the majority system. Washington's government consists of ministers appointed by the head of state and Congress. Political strategies and values are determined by the аRepublican and Democratic parties. The giant country leads in nominal GDP, second only to China in purchasing power parity.
Climatic conditions
The main part of the territory is in the temperate climatic zone. The southern regions (Florida and Hawaii) are located in the subtropical and tropical zones. In San Francisco, the air heats up to +9°C in winter and +19°C in summer. The amount of seasonal precipitation is 500 mm. The northwest coast has a mild oceanic climate. January weather in Seattle + 4 °C, July + 18 °C, the volume of rainfall is 3000 mm.
In the northern part of the Atlantic in January, the column drops to - 1°C, in the peak of the summer season it rises to + 24° C. In this region, the amount of precipitation reaches 1200 mm. Baffin Island and the polar islands of the archipelago are covered with thick ice. In the Cordillera and Alaska with permanent cold weather - 26 °C, in summer - 1° C. On the inland plains, the climate is continental with moderate seasonal indicators, but sharp temperature variability leads to dust storms, tornadoes, and hurricanes.
The U.S. landscape is uneven. In the east, the country is surrounded by the Cordillera, the ridges of the Rocky Mountains with a height of 4000 m. The Mexican lowlands and plains stretch between them. In Arizona, the Grand Canyon is 446 km deep. The famous Great Lakes rise near the Canadian border. Mississippi, Columbia, Colorado flow in America. There are several seismically active zones on the territory with an intensity of underground shocks up to 8. About 90% of earthquakes occur in the continental United States, California, in western Nevada.
Demography
The population at the beginning of 2024 was 341,576,430. The USA is second only to China and India. The density is 35.3 people per 1 sq. km. Densely populated states – California, New York, Florida. The natural increase by the end of the year is expected to increase by 1,482,804 citizens. The average migration instead of 2,953 people per day this year reached 7,016. The age pyramid has a permanent or rejuvenating type, which is typical of countries with declining fertility. According to the UN Department of Statistics, the overall median age of the entire population is 38.30 years. The number of men aged 64 + is 19,266,250, women – 25,381,117. Gender ratio: 49, 4 and 50, 6, respectively. The coefficient of the total demographic load is low and amounts to 49.6%, pension – 19.7%, potential substitution – 30.1%. Life expectancy 78.4 (75.9 and 80.9, respectively).
Ethnic and racial composition is heterogeneous. The descendants of immigrants from Europe and Africa live in the United States: white Americans – 61.7%, and African Americans – 12%, mixed races – 10%, Asians – 5.9%. Many Europeans, Russians, Filipinos and Cubans live in the main country of immigration. Out of these, 78. 2% are Christians, 1, 8 Jews, 1.2% are Buddhists. Citizens with other beliefs account for 0.6% each. In an urbanized country, 75% of citizens moved to cities. Villagers live on a ranch, but living conditions are not much different from urban ones. Many citizens are characterized by suburbanization – life in suburban areas in one-story America.
Economy
America has a high volume of production and private capital. In modern history, it has fallen only twice: in 2009 by 2.6% and 4 years ago by 3.4% due to the pandemic. According to the IMF, in 2023 GDP reached $26,854 trillion. Compared to 2022, the figure increased by 1.34 trillion. According to the per capita indicator, it occupies the 7th position ($80,034). In 2024, an increase of 2.6% is planned.
Structure of the economy: services – 78%, production – 21%, agriculture – 1%. Production is concentrated from the Atlantic to the Great Lakes, as well as in Florida and on the Mexican coast.
Leading industries: automotive, metallurgy, aircraft missile and electronic computers, chemical industry. It has the highest rate of electricity production generated by CHPPs (67%), nuclear power plants (19%), and hydroelectric power plants (7%).
The country is the first in terms of coal reserves and other natural resources, it does not lag behind in oil and gas production. In 2023, inflation slowed to 3.7%, excluding energy and food prices. In 2024, consumer prices will continue to fall. According to the Ministry of Labor statistics, in June the growth decreased to 3% and by 3.3 Core CPI – to 3.3%. According to forecasts, due to the tightening of monetary policy, the investment dynamics of the economy will continue in the short term.
Freedom of movement
The ability to travel freely around the world is an indicator of the authority of the United States and openness to the world. The rating in the international coverage by 86% in the middle of this year was calculated by adding countries that allow citizens to cross borders.
Additional features. The strength of the passport was 8 A. A high index in rank allows you to enter 172 states, and 116 without visas.
In 49 they are issued upon arrival, but to enter in 26 countries, the Americans are forced to apply in advance at the consular departments of the receiving parties. An electronic printed permit is sufficient to cross the border of 7 jurisdictions.
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