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The first country in terms of area and population in Northern Europe, where about 3 million people live. Lithuania has access to the Baltic Sea, its neighbors are Latvia, the Republic of Belarus, Poland and the Kaliningrad region of the Russian Federation.
The Grand Duchy of Lithuania, which is considered the ancestor of the modern republic, was founded in the XIII century. Later it merged with Poland and became part of the Russian Empire.
In 1940, at the end of a relatively short period of political independence gained after the civil war, the country became part of the USSR. During the Second World War, Nazi troops seized power in the republic and maintained political dominance until the year 45. Lithuania once again became an independent country after the collapse of the Soviet Union, successfully transitioned to a market economy and a democratic political system. In 2024, it is part of the EU and the Schengen area, and is a member of the European Union's single market.
Climatic conditions
Most of the republic is plains. Half of the total area is occupied by fields and meadows, and another third is forests. The Neman and Vilia Rivers pass through Lithuania, and there are lakes Druksiai, Tauragnas, and Asweya on the territory. The predominantly flat area contributes to the production of agricultural goods and food products, which account for 18% of export revenues. A significant amount of forests allows the country to earn money from the export of lumber and furniture.
The Lithuanian climate is a mixture of marine and continental. Winters are relatively warm: almost all days the temperature does not drop below -5°C. Summers are moderately cool with an average temperature of +16°C.
Demographics
The 2021 census showed that 2,89 million people live in the state. Of these, 84,6% are ethnic Lithuanians. Poles are in second place in terms of numbers, and Russians are in third place. Belarusians and Ukrainians are in the minority.
Residents of the Republic of Lithuania speak mainly Lithuanian. 60% of the residents speak Russian fluently, 31% speak English. The already mentioned census of 2021 showed that two thirds of Lithuanians speak at least one foreign language. Representatives of national minorities are bilinguals and have been speaking both their native and State languages since childhood.
Many Lithuanians speak Russian in everyday situations and study English at school. To stay permanently and open a business with an eye to the European market, you must be fluent in English or other common European languages: German, French.
The Republic of Lithuania is a secular country, 74% of its inhabitants identify themselves as Catholic Christians. 6% of the country is non-religious.
The average life expectancy in Lithuania, according to WHO, is 76 years. The average man lives 71 years, and a woman lives 80,4 years. According to this indicator, the republic ranks 65th in the global ranking.
Economy
The state has a stable market economy and belongs to politically stable countries. The share of educated people in the republic is high, but the labor force is cheap compared to other European countries. These indicators may be interesting for entrepreneurs who plan to open their own IT startup, fintech company or other company related to the creation of high-tech products.
Lithuania exports agricultural and food products, chemicals, plastics, machinery and industrial machines, mineral fertilizers, lumber and furniture across the EU and to other countries.
The republic's GDP per capita is $47,107. Among the Baltic countries, Lithuania ranks first in this indicator. The annual inflation rate is estimated to be low and is 2,3%.
A small number of mineral deposits, the outflow of able-bodied residents to other EU countries and an increase in the number of people of retirement age.
Freedom of movement
In 2024, Lithuania's passport ranks 9th in the global ranking. Citizens of this republic have the right to come to 185 countries without first requesting an entry permit. In 20 countries, Lithuanians need a visa on arrival or an electronic visit permit. The limitation of the length of stay is determined by specific States.
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