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Armenia is a parliamentary republic with the President as the head of State and the Prime Minister performing the main executive functions. Since 2015, the country has adopted a new constitution that enshrines the parliamentary form of government. Armenia is a member of a number of international organizations such as the United Nations, the CIS, the Eurasian Economic Union, the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO), the Council of Europe and the World Trade Organization (WTO).
Armenia is actively developing democratic institutions, despite the difficult relations with neighboring countries. This primarily concerns Azerbaijan due to the difficult situation around Nagorno-Karabakh. This conflict officially ended with Azerbaijan's victory as a result of a one-day operation, as a result of which it regained full control over the region.
Visa
Armenia is one of the most popular Transcaucasian countries for comfortable relocation. Any foreigner can obtain a visa corresponding to the purpose of a visit to the Republic. At the same time, a visa-free regime is in effect for citizens of some countries, allowing them to freely stay in the country for up to 6 months. If the period of stay is more than six months, then it is necessary to apply for a visa. There are currently several basic types of permissions available:
- Tourist.
- For remote employees.
- Business visa.
- Working.
- For conducting commercial activities.
- Educational.
- For property owners.
Each program sets special conditions for obtaining a visa, but the maximum period of the visa is 120 days. An extension is allowed for another 2 months.
In addition to restrictions, each entry permit provides a number of opportunities. Learn more about all available types of visas, conditions for obtaining them, required documents and registration conditions in the target article on our website.
Residence permit
A residence permit in Armenia opens up many opportunities available to citizens of the country, with the exception of the right to vote. Permission is granted to persons who meet the conditions of the selected program.
A temporary residence permit, as a rule, becomes the first step towards permanent residence. For citizens of the Russian Federation, similar to the visa policy, preferential conditions for granting a residence permit apply. As of 2024, the following grounds are available:
- To complete the training.
- For employment.
- For remote work.
- When buying a property.
- By marriage to a citizen of the country.
- In order to reunite with the family.
- For conducting commercial activities.
A temporary residence permit in Armenia is valid for 1 year with the right to extend for a similar period. If you stay in the Republic for a longer time, you can apply for permanent residence.
Learn more about all the status prospects, available programs, opportunities, limitations and requirements of each program.
Citizenship
Armenia traditionally attracts migrants from all over the world with its amazing nature and safe living conditions. At the same time, the citizenship of the Republic opens up prospects for high global mobility around the world. More than 70 countries allow citizens of the country to enter without obtaining advance visas. Foreigners can take advantage of one of the available permanent residency programs:
- By right of birth.
- By naturalization.
- Repatriation.
- By origin.
Despite the fact that the Republic does not prohibit dual citizenship, in practice only the Armenian passport is recognized in the country.
Find out more about the conditions imposed by each of the available programs, what restrictions exist and what prospects open up to the holder of the status.
Passport
The National Identity card of Armenia is a document confirming the citizenship of the holder. In addition to local privileges, the Armenian passport provides many international benefits, including visa-free entry to a number of countries in Europe, Asia and America. To obtain a passport, foreign citizens can use one of the following grounds:
- By right of birth or origin.
- Through naturalization.
- According to the recovery program.
The process of obtaining a passport involves passing exams in the Armenian language, the basics of law, government and taking the oath of allegiance to the Republic.
In the profile article, you can get more information about the procedures for obtaining an identity card, the stages, requirements for the applicant and the prospects that open up.
Climatic conditions
Armenia is located between the mountain ranges of the Lesser Caucasus and is geographically located in the subtropical zone, but due to the altitude zone, the subtropical climate prevails only in the south, namely in the Meghri district. The main part of the country is located in the continental climate zone. The scheme of climate change looks like this: from a dry subtropical zone to a sharply continental one as altitude increases.
The mountains and the complex landscape of Armenia significantly affect the climate. Every 200 meters of elevation, the temperature is lowered by one degree. Summers are hot and dry here, with temperatures in the foothills around +25°C, and in the highlands close to +14°C. Winters here are quite severe, although short-lived. The average temperature is -6°C, although sometimes it is much colder, namely up to -28 °C in the foothills and up to -14°C high in the mountains. The lowest temperature (-46°C) was recorded near Lake Arpi, and the absolute maximum temperature (+42°C) was recorded in the Ararat Valley.
The annual rainfall varies from 200 to 800 mm, depending on the region. The smallest amount falls in the Ararat Valley, and the largest in the Lori and Syunik regions.
Demographics
Armenia is an ethnically homogeneous country in which more than 98% of the population are Armenians. The remaining part of the population includes small groups of Russians (0.46%), Yezidis (1.26%), Assyrians (0.11%), Ukrainians (0.05%), Kurds (0.047%) and Greeks (0.036%). The average life expectancy is 72 years: 66.6 years for men and 77.4 years for women.
The official language is Armenian, one of the oldest languages in the world, belonging to the Indo–European family.
Armenia also uses its own written language, the Armenian alphabet, created in the 5th century. Russian is often used in official and business circles, especially in large cities.
As for religions, the Armenian Apostolic Church prevails in this country, to which about 90% of the population belongs. The Armenian Church occupies an important place in the cultural and historical life of the country. There are also small groups of Protestants, Catholics and representatives of other religious minorities in the country.
Economy
Armenia's economy continues to develop after the difficulties of the post-Soviet period. In 2024, the GDP is $19.8 billion. with an annual growth of 5.5%. GDP per capita in terms of real purchasing power is $7,275. Armenia ranks 113th in the world in this indicator.
The main sectors of the economy include agriculture, information technology, mining and food processing. Agriculture, including winemaking and fruit production, accounts for a significant share of the economy. Armenia exports copper, molybdenum, precious metals and electronics.
Armenia continues to develop the technology sector, especially in the field of software and innovative technologies, which contributes to economic growth.
Unemployment is about 12%, which is a serious challenge for the economy, especially in rural areas. At the same time, the poverty rate remains at a consistently high level. In 2024, about 24% of the population lives below the poverty line.
Armenia ranks 47th in the world ranking of economic freedom. The country actively cooperates with international organizations, including the World Bank and the IMF.
Freedom of movement (visa-free countries)
According to the world passport ranking in terms of freedom of movement, Armenia ranks 65th. Citizens can visit countries such as Georgia, Russia, as well as CIS countries without a visa. Entry to the European Union is possible with a visa, which is an important topic for negotiations between Armenia and the EU.
In total, the Armenian passport provides its holders with access to 84 countries of the world without a visa or with a visa on arrival. Visa requirements depend on the host State. Holders of an Armenian passport can visit 38 destinations without a visa, and 46 require a visa on arrival. The length of stay varies from 30 to 180 days.
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