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The Persian Gulf country is geographically located in the northeastern part of the Arabian Desert. The area (83,650 km2) is comparable to Austria and the Czech Republic. It has land borders with Qatar, Oman, and Saudi Arabia. The federal state unites 7 emirates with clearly defined administrative borders and a monarchical form of government.
The country is headed by the Emir of Abu Dhabi, who performs the function of president. He appoints the Council of Ministers. The internal policy is determined by the Supreme Council. The legislative power is represented by Majlis al-Ittihad al-Watani, the heads of the Emirates. The Federal Court of First and Second Instance, as well as the monarchical states, are responsible for judicial power. The UAE is a member of the United Nations, Arab States (LAS), OPEC for oil production regulation, the Persian Gulf Union, and a number of international organizations.
Climatic conditions
The temperature is determined by the proximity of two bays, the Indian Ocean, and the Rub al-Khali desert. The mainland of the United Arab Emirates has a dry, sultry climate, and a subtropical one closer to the coastline. The weather in the Emirate of Fujairah is more pleasant due to the ocean wind. It has relatively hot summers and humid winters. There are 350 sunny days a year.
It rains for no more than a week. The average annual precipitation is 100 mm, falling more often in the eastern part of the country. In mountainous areas, the amount of rain is 2 times more. There are no permanent rivers. After heavy rains, streams flow into valleys, and in summer they form dry riverbeds – wadis. Water intake from underground sources lowered the groundwater horizon, led to salinization of the upper layers.
The Arabian Sea and the Ottoman Gulf create conditions for seasonal monsoons. Sandstorms occur 3-4 times a year due to the harsh winter winds.
The average temperature values at the peak of the heat reach +41...47 °C. In winter, they drop to +24 ° C. The water heats up to +35 ° C. The terrain consists of mountainous areas in the east, deserts in the south, and salt marshes in the north. The Hajar mountain ranges with a height of 1,500 m stretch to the east.
Between them there are lakes of volcanic nature. The gulf coast of 600 km is dotted with numerous corals and sandbars. Drought-resistant grasses and thorns predominate among the plants. Cultivated fruit and ornamental trees grow in the oases. The western slopes of the mountains are planted with vineyards.
Forecasters are experimenting with artificially causing rains by sowing clouds, shooting grains of salt or dry ice, silver iodite. In addition, the air contains a low oxygen content – 80% of the norm. In the heat, it becomes more difficult for people with diseases of the heart and lung spectra to breathe.
Demographics
The population as of January 2024 was 10,207,864 people. There are 3,680,785 residents living in Dubai alone. In the first quarter, due to cosmopolitans, the number increased by 25,000. The percentage of teenagers reached 20.4%, people aged 16 to 64 – 78.7%. The 65+ category accounts for only 1%. The age pyramid with such indicators is inherent in progressive states with high-quality healthcare and educational level.
The demographic load factor is relatively low – 27.1%. The number of able-bodied population is more than twice the pension category. This ratio does not create a social burden on taxpayers. Life expectancy for both genders will be 76.5 years in the coming years.
The official language is Arabic. Expats speak Hindi, Urdu, and English. There are only 1,034,600 ethnic Arabs in the country. Most of all Indians – 3 million and Pakistanis – 1.5. Next in the list are Bangladeshis – about 1 million, Filipinos – 700,000. Least of all Iranians, Egyptians, Nepalis, migrants from Sri Lanka – about 500,000. The country's Constitution allows freedom of religion. The official religion is Islam. 15% of Sunni Muslims, 11% of Christians, 25% of Inuit from North America, 6% of Buddhists live here. Sikhs and Bahá'ís account for 3-5%.
Economy
The UAE is on the list of countries with a rapidly developing economy. GDP growth last year amounted to 3.4%. In 2024, the authorities plan to reach 3.7%. The oil and gas sectors generate enormous revenues. The authorities are simultaneously working on diversification and striving to develop new industries – digital technologies, renewable energy. Cultural tourism is in second place in terms of income. The expansion of infrastructure leads to the creation of new resort complexes and jobs.
Tax-free economic zones have been opened in the emirates for business development. Foreigners transport companies here and establish new ones to conduct international business. Due to its convenient geographical location, the ports of Dubai and Abu Dhabi are used as trade hubs for Europe and Asia.
Only one Arab company DP Word controls a tenth of the world's container traffic. Specialists in logistics, international marketing, and trade are in demand in this industry. Experts explain the success in various industries by strategic initiatives of banks. There are many insurance and investment funds here, and the fintech technology sector is developing rapidly.
If the monthly income of a surgeon is 80 AED, then the nurse does not exceed 19 AED. Employees with 2-4 years of work experience are paid 32% more than university graduates. Specialists with 10+ years of experience receive 22% more than less experienced colleagues. After 15 years of work, staff are paid an additional 14% for their expertise.
Freedom of movement
The passport of the latest generation of the Middle Eastern state has significantly strengthened its position in the world ranking. According to statistics, he managed to rise to the top in terms of global mobility and not only. Now he ranks 1st in strength and 179th in PSP. Residents of the country can enter 133 jurisdictions without visas, and open electronic permits at airports in 46 more. Paper vignettes in passports are required only in 19 countries.
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