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A residence permit is a document issued to foreigners as a permit for residence in Russia, the right of free entry/exit. If a person does not have citizenship, then the permit is used as an identity card.
The validity period is not regulated. The exception is the issuance of qualified specialists (and dependents) – the validity period is equal to the duration of the employment permit.
The right is granted to foreigners staying in Russia for a period of 1 year or more under the right of "Temporary residence permit". Without a valid RVP, several categories of foreigners can obtain a residence permit, for example, those born in the RSFSR and previously had residence in the USSR.
What are the privileges of a residence permit in Russia?
As a rule, a residence permit becomes the first stage on the way to obtaining citizenship of the Russian Federation. However, the permit may provide a number of privileges to persons who do not plan to become a permanent Russian resident. In general, a migrant receives a volume of rights commensurate with Russian citizens, but with few restrictions. The main advantages include:
- Obtaining a medical insurance policy.
- The right to receive an old-age pension.
- The right to register at the place of residence in any subject of the Russian Federation.
- The possibility of free entry and exit from the country.
- The right to vote in local elections and to stand as a candidate.
- The possibility of employment without falling under the restrictions applicable to foreign workers.
Types of residence permit
Foreigners whose purpose and duration of their visit to Russia exceeds the validity period of the visa are required to apply for a residence permit and a subsequent residence permit. According to the current legislation, 2 types of residence permits can be provided – temporary and permanent.
A temporary residence permit may be issued for employment, education, family reunification or for medical purposes. As of 2024, the holder of a temporary permit can be joined by members of his family. Registration at the department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia at the place of residence becomes a prerequisite.
Residence permit for the purchase of real estate
The fact of buying real estate in the Russian Federation is not a condition for obtaining a preferential residence permit. The cost of buying an object also does not matter. However, there is an exception for citizens of the Republic of Belarus and Turkmenistan (and stateless persons arriving from these countries).
Residents of Belarus and Turkmenistan who have residential real estate in Russia can apply for a residence permit without first obtaining a residence permit. This possibility is regulated by Law No. 115-FZ, No. 62-FZ, as well as bilateral agreements between the Russian Federation and Belarus/Turkmenistan.
General or simplified procedures are provided for other citizens.
Necessary justifications
Foreign citizens can buy real estate as individuals and legal entities. But there are several limitations. A purchase is not available to a foreigner:
- Agricultural land.
- Lands of the forest fund.
- Protected areas.
- Zones of defense facilities.
- Facilities in the border areas.
- Real estate in closed settlements.
List of documents
If the candidate has the right to apply for a residence permit under a simplified scheme, then the following documents must be provided for obtaining a permit:
- An application in 2 copies.
- 4 recent photos 35x45 mm.
- A valid ID card.
- Confirmation of the availability of legitimate sources of income.
- Confirmation of ownership of a residential property.
- A medical certificate confirming the absence of dangerous diseases.
Student residence permits
According to Federal Law No. 357-FZ, foreign students can request a residence permit only upon completion of the course of study. In the process of studying, a foreigner does not have the right to request permission without additional grounds.
The basis for staying in the Russian Federation for educational purposes may be a temporary residence permit for study (RVPO), which is issued before the start of training.
Necessary justifications
The list of conditions for obtaining a residence permit during or before the start of training includes citizenship of a state that was previously part of the USSR. If there are no such grounds, then you can request a residence permit in one of 2 cases:
- Completion of an academic course of study at a university with honors.
- The RVPO was previously issued. In this case, 3 years after graduation, the right to obtain a residence permit comes.
List of documents
- Application for a permit.
- 4 recent photos 35x45 mm.
- A valid ID card.
- Certificate of no criminal record.
- Certificate of admission to the university for a full-time course of study
- The license of an educational institution.
Residence permit for financially independent (freelance, digital nomad)
Officially, Russia does not have a visa or residence permit program for digital nomads. To be able to work remotely from the Russian Federation, you should obtain a tourist visa. To do this, you need to use the services of an accredited travel company or receive an invitation from a Russian citizen.
The right of entry on a tourist visa allows you to stay in the country for up to 6 months. If there are grounds and the approval of the applicant's package of documents, the permit may be extended.
Necessary justifications
Since there is no separate program for granting a residence permit for remote workers, it is necessary to follow the conditions for obtaining a visa for tourist purposes. In this case, the main condition for registration is the presence of an invitation to the country. An additional requirement may be the need to confirm the existence of a stable legitimate source of income.
List of documents
- A valid passport.
- Visa application form.
- The photo is 35x45 mm.
- Certificate of no criminal record.
- Medical certificate.
- A medical insurance policy.
- A receipt for payment of visa fees.
Residence permit by marriage
Marriage can be one of the grounds for obtaining a temporary residence permit and a residence permit. At the same time, it is impossible to obtain a residence permit immediately after the conclusion of a marriage. The preliminary stage is to obtain a PRTR outside the quotas established for foreigners.
It is important to note that it is possible to send a request for a residence permit only 8 months after the provision of a PRTR.
Necessary justifications
The main condition for participation in the program is a marriage with a Russian citizen and the presence of a PRTR. At the same time, it is necessary to send a package of documents for a PRTR and a subsequent residence permit in the region where the spouse is a citizen of the Russian Federation and where the marriage was concluded. Since 10/26/2023, an official union with a permanent resident of Russia, in the absence of common children, is not a basis for the simplified granting of citizenship to a foreign person.
List of documents
- Valid passport (of the applicant and spouse).
- Statement.
- The photo is 35x45 mm.
- A marriage certificate.
- Certificate of no criminal record.
- Medical certificate.
- A medical insurance policy.
- A receipt for payment of visa fees.
Family reunion
Currently, there is no independent program for granting a residence permit for family reunification in the Russian Federation. A foreigner, if there are appropriate grounds, can exercise the right to obtain citizenship for himself or minor children.
In each of the cases, simplified procedures are provided to allow moving to the Russian Federation and reuniting with family members.
Necessary justifications
The processes provided for obtaining temporary or permanent residence for the purpose of family reunification are defined by Federal Law 62-FZ "On Citizenship". The current regulatory framework allows you to obtain citizenship for adult or minor children, as well as obtain permanent residence through marriage with a citizen of the Russian Federation. In this case, simplified registration mechanisms are launched with a reduction in the minimum required period of residence in the country.
List of documents
- Valid passport (of the applicant and spouse).
- Statement.
- The photo is 35x45 mm.
- Certificate of no criminal record.
- Medical certificate.
- A medical insurance policy.
- A receipt for payment of visa fees.
- A birth certificate.
- A marriage certificate.
- Other documents confirming the relationship.
Work permit
Any residence permit in Russia allows you to freely find employment in Russian organizations and eliminates the need to obtain a patent or additional employment permit. The main condition of the right is the obligation to provide written notification of registration of the territorial department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
In a simplified manner, a foreigner who carries out work activities in a profession included in the relevant list within 6 months before making a request can obtain a residence permit. The grounds are defined by Law No. 115-FZ.
Necessary justifications
To obtain the right to work in any region of Russia, you must obtain a temporary residence permit. The status allows you to live in the country for up to 3 years, get a job without obtaining additional permits, work in any professional field, become an individual entrepreneur and conduct business activities. The document becomes the basis for obtaining a residence permit and subsequently citizenship. The PRTR can be obtained using quotas allocated by the Government annually.
List of documents
- A valid passport.
- Statement.
- The photo is 35x45 mm.
- Certificate of no criminal record.
- Documents confirming the qualification.
- Medical certificate.
- A medical insurance policy.
- Information about sources of income.
- Certificate of proficiency in the Russian language.
- A receipt for payment of visa fees.
Residence permit for business and sole proprietor
For foreign citizens and stateless persons, business activities and registration of sole proprietors are available only with a valid temporary residence permit or residence permit. Foreigners who have a patent cannot formalize entrepreneurial activity.
In order to obtain a RVP, a foreigner can use the current quotas or grounds for preferential obtaining a permit (marriage with a citizen, residence in a former USSR country, graduation from a Russian university).
Necessary justifications
A prerequisite for a foreigner to obtain the right to reside and conduct business in Russia is the prior receipt of a PRTR. If there is no such permit, then for citizens of the EAEU countries there is a procedure for registering activities as a self-employed person. An alternative way to obtain the right to conduct business in the Russian Federation is the formation of an LLC with a certain amount of investment. With an investment of 15 million rubles or more, the purchase of a real estate object and compliance with additional conditions, a foreign investor can obtain a residence permit on this basis.
List of documents
- A valid passport.
- Statement.
- 4 photos 35x45 mm.
- Certificate of no criminal record.
- Information about the availability of property.
- Medical certificate.
- A medical insurance policy.
- Information about sources of income.
- Certificate of proficiency in the Russian language.
- A receipt for payment of visa fees.
Extension of a residence permit
To extend the term of a residence permit or obtain an indefinite permit, a foreign citizen must collect a personal dossier and send an application to the territorial body of the Federal Migration Service of Russia no later than 60 days before the expiration of the current residence permit.
An important condition for obtaining approval is the absence of violations of public order and conditions of stay in the Russian Federation throughout the entire period of validity of the previous permit.
A valid residence permit, a certificate of completion of the language exam, history and law, passport, recent photos must be attached to the application for extension. The state fee for processing the request is 3,500 rubles.
FAQ
For how long is a residence permit issued?
A residence permit issued to foreign citizens and stateless persons is valid for 5 years.
What is the amount of the state fee for issuing a residence permit?
The fee for processing the application and issuing it in a standard situation is 5,000 rubles.
The deadline for consideration of the application
According to the general rules, the period of consideration of the application is 4 months from the date of acceptance of the application.
Is it possible to issue a residence permit to a child born in the territory of the Russian Federation from parents who have a residence permit?
A mother or father who has a residence permit in Russia can send a request for a Russian residence permit for a child born both in the territory of the Russian Federation and abroad.
What should I do if I lost my residence permit?
If the document is lost, the foreigner must submit an application within 10 days to the territorial authority of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia at the place of residence or issue a valid residence permit.
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